Conditions and mental health services in Egypt
While there are no statistical studies of national prevalence of mental disorders in Egypt, some studies give indications about the extent of this proliferation. In a survey made in 2004 was estimated prevalence of mental disorders among adults in Egypt by 17% .29 While the study found in 2001 that 50% of students had symptoms of mental disorders (30) suggests another study conducted on the elderly in 1988 to the incidence of disease "dementia", including an 4.5% and 2.2% Alzheimer's .31
With regard to funding, the proportion of spending on mental health in Egypt did not exceed 2% of the total government expenditure on health, and goes more than half of these allocations (about 59%) to be spent on hospitals, mental health. (32) are positioned hospitals generally in the major cities and regions urban areas.
The number of hospitals for mental health in Egypt, 15 hospitals spread over a number of provinces. The total operating capacity of about 6000 beds. The rate of occupancy in hospitals of the Secretariat of Mental Health in July of 2008 about 80% (34) estimated the number of patients who were admitted to psychiatric hospitals of the Secretariat of Mental Health in 2004 about 23 047 patients 0.35
In addition to these government hospitals are specialized in some public hospitals in a number of provincial departments of mental health with a total capacity of about 600 beds .33 There are also departments of psychiatry in medical schools from nine different universities and has about 200 beds. The private hospitals do not exceed the total capacity of 750 beds, which indicates that the Ministry of Health is given the first and basic mental health services in Egypt .36
The number of outpatient mental health in Egypt about 62 clinics, two of which are devoted only to serve children and adolescents. In 2004, the number of visitors to the outpatient 176.133 AC (37) There is only one clinic service provides follow-up of cases that receive treatment in the community, ie, outside the hospital, as well as a mobile clinic and the only one. 38, either day care centers does not exceed the number two Mon According to WHO reports, it does not exist in Egypt, or services to establish long-term or programs for housing reserved for psychiatric patients during or after treatment, as Egypt suffers in general from a lack of mental health services community and preventive .39
As for those who provide mental health services, reaching the number of psychiatrists in Egypt, 600 doctors, working mostly in Cairo and Alexandria and major cities. And assists these doctors about 1500 nurse 241 psychologists and 61 social workers psychologically .40
Have turned mental health policies in Egypt over recent decades to enhance the services available, and the shift from the institutional system of psychiatric care to community-based treatment. In 1997, under the auspices of WHO, health ministers declared in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean, including Egypt, on the work program designed to promote mental health and consists of 10 Points, was led by the provision of comprehensive services for mental health and the integration of mental health in primary care and the development of emergency services in the community. 41, Egypt was one of the centers that have been selected by the World Health Organization to develop strategies to extend the scope of mental health care in the years from 1975 to 1981 , Which developed the software needed to integrate psychological care into primary health care.
Starting in 1986, identified the government's plans regarding mental health in its approach towards the integration of basic mental health care into primary health care and in social services, and cooperation with the government sectors and non-governmental organizations in order to achieve this goal. Included the goals of mental health policy developed in 1978 "Improving the mental health of individuals by providing services to those who need it and through the provision of community care and support for parents." 42 as stated in the amendment of mental health policy in 2003 that among the objectives of the new policy: the establishment and development of community mental health services, and the reform of psychiatric hospitals, and the development of mental health provision in primary care. 43
Despite all this emphasis on the importance of integrating psychological care into primary care, efforts were made to achieve this goal were not enough and the results were very limited, and did not achieve their purpose. Only the World Health Organization, the proportion of primary care physicians who have received short training courses on mental health does not exceed 5%. The majority of these doctors do not have any protocols to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Only a few of them discovering cases of illness or transfer to any of the psychiatrists. But never for most of these doctors to be treated at all with psychiatrists specializing .44
In short, all the studies and reports agree that Egypt suffers from a severe lack of material and human resources allocated to mental health, and from a lack of access to mental health care services for individuals. Hospitals and mental health still is based on providing the majority of mental health services, the services that are available mainly in big cities and not in other regions, especially the countryside. The primary health care are still not able to provide mental health service or transfer to the needy or the provision of basic psychotropic drugs. Reports also indicate that poor cooperation between the formal health sector and other community sectors, including civil society organizations .45
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29 - d study. Ghanem and others, referred to in: World Health Organization, Mental Health Atlas, 2005, p. 176.
30 - Atlas of Mental Health, p. 176.
31 - Ibid..
[ #] 32 - World Health Organization, 'assessment tool systems of mental health: Egypt', 2006, p. 11
World Health Organization, 'Assessment Instrument for Mental Health System: Egypt' (2006) p 11 [1]
[ #] 33 - Report of the mental health of the Eastern Mediterranean, p. 110-111.
34 - the website of the Secretariat of Mental Health [2]
35 - an assessment tool of mental health systems: Egypt, p. 11.
36 - Report of the mental health of the Eastern Mediterranean, p. 110-111.
37 - an assessment tool of mental health systems: Egypt, p. 10.
38 - Ibid.
39 - an assessment tool of mental health systems: Egypt, p. 7.
40 - Report of the mental health of the Eastern Mediterranean, p. 111.
41 - Ibid, p. 10.
42 - Atlas of Mental Health, p. 177.
43 - an assessment tool of mental health systems: Egypt, p. 8. [#
44 - Ibid, p. 16.
45 - an assessment tool of mental health systems: Egypt, p. 22.
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