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| Existential Theories |
Existential theorists believe that behavioral deviations
result when a person is out of touch with himself
or herself or the environment. The person who is selfalienated
is lonely and sad and feels helpless. Lack of
self-awareness, coupled with harsh self-criticism, prevents
the person from participating in satisfying relationships.
The person is not free to choose from all
possible alternatives because of self-imposed restrictions.
Existential theorists believe that the person is
avoiding personal responsibility and giving in to the
wishes or demands of others.
All existential therapies have the goal of helping
the person discover an authentic sense of self.
They emphasize personal responsibility for one’s self,
feelings, behaviors, and choices. These therapies encourage
the person to live fully in the present and to
look forward to the future. Carl Rogers is sometimes
grouped with existential therapists. Table 3-7 summarizes
existential therapies.
