Historical background of mental health
was mentally ill, through the ages and in different regions of the world of prejudice and rejection, fear and avoidance, as well as abuse and exploitation. Over the centuries, was seen to look at mental disorders, metaphysics, and it was believed that the causes attributed to supernatural powers: either demonic possession or divine sacred. In Europe, the Middle Ages witnessed a very harsh in dealing with psychiatric patients, who often were tortured,
killed and burned to drive out evil spirits that Tsknhm. By the seventeenth century fell metaphysical interpretations of the disease has become psychological and is considered an organic disorder. However, these explanations also were not elicit sympathy or tolerance, since the patient was considered responsible for his illness and the imbalance in his feelings, and therefore he deserves punishment. Indeed, it received the punishment many of the patients, and the poor in particular, where he is confined in prisons and public health clinics, workshops and enclaves poor, and there is live life is inhuman in a very harsh, exposed to all types of abuse and exploitation .
With the beginning of the emergence of humanism in the middle of the eighteenth century appeared to call for an end to this inhumane treatment with psychiatric patients. Large asylums were built to contain them rather than prisons. And began to apply "moral treatment", which aims to provide humanitarian care to patients and encourage them to discuss their troubles and to act "only." However, the conditions in these large clinics quickly deteriorated, to turn out to places of detention and isolation of patients in very bad conditions. This situation continued in the nineteenth century, despite the fact that this century saw the beginning of the emergence of psychology as a branch of medicine. However, psychiatric patients, and other owners of the offending behavior is prevalent in society, kept segregated in large clinics or institutions for care built on the outskirts of towns and not much different from prisons.
In the Arab world is also associated with mental illness or supernatural forces of religious interpretation, and in particular Paljan who have mental illness was attributed to their actions. Although psychiatric patients who were enjoying the relative acceptance for this reason, it has ranged from the way it treats the people with them You're probably looking the values that prevailed in every age, and continued Ajtnabhm and the use of cruelty against them in most of the time. The professor of psychiatry, Dr. Ahmed Okasha, that the first mental hospitals in the world built in the Levant and Egypt in the eighth century AD. The medical literature for each of the Al-Razi and Ibn Sina, in the ninth and tenth centuries AD, 5 of the first writings and classifications medical world about mental illness, which dealt with the "madness" as a disease of the mind or brain and affects its functions, and classified diseases according to this understanding with characterization methods of treatment.
In the fourteenth century reached a hospital in Cairo Qalawun great fame, and had a department for mental illnesses as well as other medical departments, and this is an early example in the provision of psychiatric care within hospitals and public health before the present time six centuries. In addition to this hospital was providing mental health services for the poor, the mentally ill, was detained by not isolating them from the rest of the patients only in exceptional cases. The Maqrizi that the Sultan himself was intensely interested in them, and that he was mentally ill to visit the detainees when he visited the hospital. However, the following eras have seen a deterioration in the conditions of the mentally ill and lost its hospital in Cairo, especially with the confiscation of funds and endowments allocated to them. 6 and under British occupation, established the Abbasid Hospital in 1883 to reserve psychiatric patients, followed in 1912 Khanka Hospital, both of the large clinics, which included more than a thousand beds and built on huge areas on the outskirts of cities (that time), similar to the Western model, which quoted him as saying.
Positive developments
with the growth of the human rights movement after World War II, and the emphasis on rights and fundamental freedoms of all individuals without discrimination, and sought the movement of the abuses suffered by individuals, began to detect violations ugly that the mentally ill, they are exposed in psychiatric and nursing homes. And issued certificates of live and many reports of the circumstances behind the walls of these clinics, crimes and violations committed inside.
However the frequency of these reports and certificates, grew the conviction of treatment systems in the clinics, which witnessed appalling violations of human rights on the one hand, and proved a failure in the therapeutic aspects of the other. Where research has shown that the curative effect of these clinics is very small, but it may lead to aggravation of the disease itself or to the emergence of additional types of disease and disability due to prolonged isolation.
The scientific progress is unprecedented in neuroscience, science chemicals, as well Ellat abundance occurred T in the discovery of drugs and treatments of mental illness in half Ii I of the twentieth century and the emergence of new forms of psychotherapy and behavior to change the perception of Aladt Rabat psychological, became considered diseases such as her such as physical illnesses, occur Because of the interaction of a range of biological, psychological, social, and most importantly it is also treatable and heal like any other disease.
And so it was an outcome of the recognition of the human rights of psychiatric patients, and increasing evidence of the failure of a psychiatric care, along with scientific discoveries and techniques of modern, that happened a radical transformation during the latter half of the last century in the form of therapeutic earn a livelihood Rabat mental: from isolation in the psychiatric and accommodation establishments Closed to the open-care and reintegration into society. The consequence of this trend that the decreased number of patients treated within the psychiatric hospitals and in some cases have been closed altogether, as happened in Italy, where the text of the Mental Health Reform Act of 1978 to close psychiatric hospitals and replace them with a comprehensive network of community care. And engaged T. many societies in the developed and developing countries alike in the process of moving away from dependence on the model treatment in hospitals and psychiatric hospitals for the provision of services that provide care and psychological treatment within the community, such as outpatient clinics, and departments of public hospitals, centers for the cases T Arih, services T Biya mobile, and accommodation services during the day and support services for families and those on home care for patients.
The aim of treatment model within the community, unlike the model of exclusion and isolation of patients in hospitals, to ensure that the majority of patients to health care they need within their communities and places of residence, the care which must be of such care available to individuals with Badt Rabat psychological, and respond to their needs and effective treatment techniques used was able to enhance their capacity to help themselves. You should also involve community-based care to families and others from those who care to individuals living with mental disorders in all efforts to support patients, and motivate society to play its role in this regard.
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